Secondary Storage

FILE COMPRESSION

File compression is commonly used when sending a file from one computer to another over a connection that has limited bandwidth. The compression basically makes the file smaller and, therefore, the sending of the file is faster. Of course, when compressing a file and sending it to another computer that computer has to have a program that will decompress the file so it can be returned to "normal" and used.

HEAD CRASH

A serious disk drive malfunction. A head crash usually means that the head has scratched or burned the disk. If the head becomes misaligned or if dust particles come between it and the disk, it can touch the disk. When this happens, you usually lose much of the data on the hard disk and will need to replace both the head and the disk

INTERNET HARD DRIVE

The sole purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer a means of accessing your computer files from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet. Similar to depositing money into your bank account, and later withdrawing that same money from any ATM machine, an Internet hard drive will allow you to "deposit" your computer files into a remote hard drive, and then later access those very same files from any other computer.

OPTICAL DISC DRIVE

In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders. Recorders are sometimes called burners or writers. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives.

SOLID-STATE STORAGE

Solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits (ICs) rather than magnetic or optical media. It is the equivalent of large-capacity, nonvolatile memory. Examples include flash memory Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices and various proprietary removable packages intended to replace external hard drives.

Input and Output

ERGONOMIC KEYBOARD

Ergonomic keyboard mainly solve the problems related to wrist ulnar deviation (hand deformity, seen in chronic rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, in which the swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints causes the fingers to become displaced to the ulnar side.

INK-JET PRINTER

A type of printer that works by spraying ionized ink at a sheet of paper. Magnetized plates in the ink's path direct the ink onto the paper in the desired shapes. Ink-jet printers are capable of producing high quality print approaching that produced by laser printers. A typical ink-jet printer provides a resolution of 300 dots per inch, although some newer models offer higher resolutions.

LASER PRINTER
A type of printer that utilizes a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The light of the laser alters the electrical charge on the drum wherever it hits. The drum is then rolled through a reservoir of toner, which is picked up by the charged portions of the drum. Finally, the toner is transferred to the paper through a combination of heat and pressure. This is also the way copy machines work.

MAGNETIC-INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION (MICR)

MICR font is commonly used to print checks, deposit slips, mortgage coupons, etc. There are several MICR fonts, the MICR E-13B font is used in the Canada, Panama, Puerto Rico, UK, and the United States. The MICR CRC-7 was created according to the ISO standards and is a font used in France, Mexico, Spain, and most other Spanish speaking countries.

OPTICAL-CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR)

Often abbreviated OCR, optical character recognition refers to the branch of computer science that involves reading text from paper and translating the images into a form that the computer can manipulate. An OCR system enables you to take a book or a magazine article, feed it directly into an electronic computer file, and then edit the file using a word processor.

OPTICAL-MARK RECOGNITION

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) is the technology of electronically extracting intended data from marked fields, such as checkboxes and fill-in fields, on printed forms. This technology is useful for applications in which large numbers of hand-filled forms need to be processed quickly and with great accuracy, such as surveys, reply cards, questionnaires and ballots.

The System Unit

FLASH MEMORY

Flash memory is a type of constantly-powered nonvolatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed in units of memory called blocks. It is a variation of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory which, unlike flash memory, is erased and rewritten at the byte level, which is slower than flash memory updating

GRAPHIC CARDS

A graphic card is a piece of hardware installed in a computer that is responsible for rendering the image on the computer’s monitor or display screen. Graphics cards help take the processing strain off the main processor, and can contain their own memory to take the strain off the system RAM.

SOUND CARDS

An expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output sounds. Sound cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMs and have become commonplace on modern personal computers. Sound cards enable the computer to output sound through speakers connected to the board, to record sound input from a microphone connected to the computer, and manipulate sound stored on a disk.

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)

A network interface card, more commonly referred to as a NIC, is a device that allows computers to be joined together in a LAN, or local area network. Networked computers communicate with each other using a given protocol or agreed-upon language for transmitting data packets between the different machines, known as nodes. 

PLUG AND PLAY

Plug and Play is a capability developed by Microsoft for its Windows 95 and later operating systems that gives users the ability to plug a device into a computer and have the computer recognize that the device is there. In many earlier computer systems, the user was required to explicitly tell the operating system when a new device had been added. 

BUS LINE

In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers. Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical buses with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus. 


HDMI

HDMI is an interface standard used for audiovisual equipment such as high-definition television and home theater systems. With 19 wires wrapped in a single cable that resembles a USB wire, HDMI is able to carry a bandwidth of 5 Gbps. This is more than twice the bandwidth needed to transmit multi-channel audio and video, future-proofing HDMI for some time to come.

CACHE MEMORY

Cache memory is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there, it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory.

Specialized Application Software

Audio Editing Software

Audio Editing Software is designed and used mainly for audio editing in computers. Mainly used for manipulating digital audio. Digital audio editors are the main software component of a digital audio workstation.

Bitmap Image

A bitmap image is an image file format used to store digital images. In some contexts, the term bitmap implies one bit per pixel, while pixmap is used for images with multiple bits per pixel. Many graphical user interface use bitmaps in their built-in graphics subsystem such as Microsoft Windows.

Desktop Publishing Program

Desktop Publishing Program combines a personal computer and a page layout software to create publication documents on a computer for either large scale publishing or small scale local multifunction pheripheral output and distribution.

HTML EDITORS

A HTML editor  is a software application for creating web pages. Although the HTML markup of a web page can be written with any text editor, specialized HTML editors can offer convenience and added functionality.

Image editors

A graphics program that provides a variety of special features for altering images. The difference between image editors and paint programs is not always clear-cut, but in general image editors are specialized for modifying bit-mapped images, such as scanned photographs, whereas paint programs are specialized for creating images.

VECTOR IMAGE

Vector images are a collection of individual objects rather than picture elements. A vector image can be composed of points connected by lines, or nodes (control points) connected by Bezier curves.

MULTIMEDIA

Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, videos, and interactivity content forms.

Basic Application Software

Graphical User Interface ( GUI )

A Graphical User Interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with programs more than typing such as computers, hand held devices,such as Mp3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and office equipment with images rather than text commands.

Word Processor

A word processor does exactly what the name implies. It processes words. It also processes paragraphs, pages, and entire papers. the most significant improvement over the typewriter is the word processor's ability to make changes to a document after it has been written. By using the mouse, you can click anywhere within the text of a document and add or remove content.

Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet is defined as computer programs that let you create and manipulate spreadsheets electronically. In a spreadsheet application, each value sits in a cell. You can define what type of data is in each cell and how different cells depend on one another. The relationships between cells are called formulas, and the names of the cells are called labels.

Database Management System (DBMS)

A Database Management System is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows different user application programs to easily access the same database.  It provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency, and restoring the database from backups. It also provides the ability to logically present database information to users.

Utility Suites


Utility Suites is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. Utility software should be contrasted with application software, which allows users to do things like creating text documents, playing games, listening to music or surfing the web. Most utilities are highly specialized and designed to perform only a single task or a small range of tasks. However, there are also some suites that combine several features in one piece of software

The Internet, The Web and Electronic Commerce

JAVASCRIPT

Javascript is defined as a popular scripting language that is widely supported in Web browsers and other Web tools. JavaScript is primarily used in the form of client-side Javascript, implemented as part of a web browser in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. Javascript has also become one of the most popular programming languages on the web.




APPLETS

Applets are icons that reside in your panels for launching specific applications and sometimes offering additional functionality. An applet is any small application that performs one specific task, sometimes running within the context of a larger program, perhaps as a plug-in. . Applets are not full-featured application programs. An applet does not run independently.

FILTERS

Filtering is a program or routine that blocks access to data that meet a particular criterion. It is used for many things. Filteration is used to protect PC's from viruses, spyware and identity theft. In some cases, it is used to block websites that contain porn.

 PLUG-INS

A plug-in is a set of software components that adds specific capabilities to a larger software application. Plug-ins can extend WordPress to do almost anything you can imagine. In the directory you can find, download, rate, and comment. Plug-ins enable customizing the functionality of an application.

Internet Security Suite

The internet security is a suite of utilities for maintaining the security of a Windows PC. It protects the PC from many different and dangerous kinds of threats such as Spyware. With internet security suite, it enables us to run the PC without getting infected.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another. FTP is built on a client server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server.

WIKI

A wiki is a website that allows users to add and update content on the site using their own Web browser. Wikis end up being created mainly by a collaborative effort of the site visitors.  It can also be used as a form of internal communication between teams in an organisation. They are useful for business workgroups and also for web-based software.

URL

A URL specifies an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it.It is also optionally the path to a file or resource residing on that server. URL is a short form for "Uniform Resource Locator".

Careers in IT

WEBMASTER
Webmaster is a person who manages a certain website. They also ensure that applicable standards and link liveness are met. They also take editorial responsibility for the content, quality and style of their website.Among the characteristics that a webmaster would possess is such as excellent communications skills, exceptional intelligence, and enthusiasm for web technology.

COMPUTER SUPPORT SPECIALIST

Computer support specialist are the people who provide technical assistance to computer system users. They also oversee the daily performance of computer systems.They too modify and customize commercial programs for internal needs.They also prepare evaluations of software or hardware, and recommend improvements or upgrades.

TECHNICAL WRITER   

Technical writers explain in simple language scientific and technical ideas that are difficult for the average reader to understand. Many technical writers work as freelance writers. Freelance writers are self-employed and sell their work to publishers, corporations, manufacturing firms, and advertising agencies. They are paid by the job or by the hour. The average salary a technical writer can earn up too yearly with high experience is anywhere from $80 000 to $ 100 000.

SOFTWARE ENGINEER

A software engineer is a skilled professional focused on the design and creation of software. They also are in charge of modifying existing software to correct errors, allow it to adapt to new hardware, or to improve its performance. They too recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation. Software engineers can earn an average salary of $ 90 000 a year.

NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR

The administrator then monitors the performance of the network and troubleshoots any problems such as slow performance or network crashes. A crash occurs when users cannot access the network or use all of its features properly. The administrator must also work with individual users who are having network problems that are not experienced by other users.

SYSTEM ANALYST

A systems analyst in the IT field designs solutions for the betterment of productivity and efficiency of the business. A systems analyst does research on any reported problem, plans and proposes a solutions, advocates software and systems and coordinates the problem solving process and ensures that the business standards and requirements are met. An analyst is familiar with multiple approaches to solve a problem and will choose the most appropriate one out of them.

PROGRAMMER

A programmer is  someone who writes computer software. They are also people who who writes code for many kinds of software. They also innovate data visualization and presentation techniques. They also analyse methods to efficiently address software system requirements.